Common cardiovascular diseases in elderly - Aortic valve stenosis -Mitral calcification ( mitral valve prolapse)

SPECIFIC HEART PROBLEMS IN ELDERLY ( OLD AGE )  . 

AORTIC SCLEROSIS IN ELDERLY .

The incidence of aortic valve stenosis, clinically significant valvular lesion in elderly increases with age. Stenosis severity is often underestimated because of its progression is so gradual and because symptoms may be due to normal aging. Elderly aortic valve stenosis is usually caused by calcification of congenital bicuspid aortic valve and degenerative aortic stenosis. rheumatic heart disease is the cause of 20%, mitral valve disease often coexist. Whatever the cause, calcification occurs in patients with aortic stenosis 65 years congenital bicuspid valve, if present, tends to become calcified in patients aged 45-60, and in general, the semilunar aortic tricuspid aortic valve calcification in patients  with age > 75 .

Elderly patients with critical aortic stenosis do not require a series of control, because the stenosis progresses often unpredictable pace. Asymptomatic elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis can usually be treated with medical therapy, surgery is only justified if the risk of perioperative mortality is less than sudden death. However, a detailed history is very important to verify that the patient is active and asymptomatic until it can be concluded that the patient can safely drug.

Aortic valve replacement in symptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant aortic valve stenosis, because their life expectancy decreases. 3-year mortality of untreated symptomatic patients is about 50%, life expectancy is shorter for these patients, if they have heart failure, and longer if they have angina pectoris. Elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis may be worse than expected. Together with the series, the mortality rate was 50% at 1 year and 65% for 2 years. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is used only for the relief of symptoms of seriously ill patients who are not candidates for surgery because of restenosis valvuloplasty and high mortality after hospital discharge. Ultrasonic cleaning of football is no longer performed.

MITRAL ANNULUS CALCIFICATION .

Mitral annular calcification occurs predominantly in elderly women. It is diagnosed as a chest x-ray and usually does not match any of the symptoms. mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a common degenerative process of the fiber and the mitral valve. It is generally a casual observation associated with aging, although it is occasionally associated with significant mitral regurgitation, and may rarely cause symptoms of mitral valve stenosis. Furthermore, the MAC associated with atrial fibrillation, conduction disease, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular adverse events, such as stroke and mortality. Diagnosis, clinical significance and cardiovascular risk associated with MAC MAC management and related disorders discussed here.

Mitral annular calcification - mitral annular calcification (MAC) to develop a progressive accumulation of calcium along and around the mitral valve. MAC usually followed by C-shape of the mitral valve at the lower front of the mitral leaflets is usually (but not always) spared. MAC is usually identified echodense echocardiography until the ring structure to which the mitral valve and the associated noise cloudy. Calcification is often irregular, beautiful appearance. Although the leaflets of the mitral valve and tendinae ropes are not generally involved, calcification may gradually accumulate in the subvalvular area around the back of the booklet, in the absence of leaflet. Savings usual commissures sheet and the sheet was separated from the previous Mac-rheumatic mitral involvement.