THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES FOR HEART DISEASES .
PERMANENT CARDIAC PACING ( ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER )
A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker should not be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The main purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the native heart pacemaker is not fast enough, or there's a block in the system of the heart electrical conduction.
Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow the cardiologist to select the optimal stimulation patterns for each patient. Some combine a pacemaker and defibrillator implanted in a single device. Others have multiple electrodes stimulating differing views in the heart of improving the synchronization of the lower chambers of the heart.
Step with the implantable pacemaker with permanent transvenous placement of one or more of the speed of the electrodes inside the chamber or chambers of the heart. This process is repeated a suitable slit a vein in which the wire electrode is inserted along the road, and transferred through the valve from the heart, until it is placed in the room.
The procedure is to facilitate X-ray that allows a doctor or a cardiologist considered the flow of electrode lead. Once a satisfactory left electrode is fixed to the opposite end of the wire electrode is connected to a pacemaker generator.
The pacemaker generator is a hermetically sealed device containing a power source, usually a lithium battery, a sense amplifier that converts the electrical manifestation of naturally occurring heart beats as detected by electrodes on the logic of computer for pacemaker output circuits and offers the pulse of the stimulation electrodes.
In most cases, the generator is placed below the subcutaneous fat of the chest wall, above the chest muscles and bones. However, the location may vary in each case. The outer casing of a pacemaker is designed so that it is rarely rejected by the body's immune system. It is usually titanium, which is inert in the body. Not everything will be rejected and will be encapsulated by scar tissue in the same way is a piercing.
There are three basic types of permanent pacemakers, are classified with a number of rooms and their basic mechanism of action.
1. A single chamber pacemaker - This single stimulation lead placed in the heart chamber, or atrium or ventricle.
2.Dual-chamber pacemakers - Here, two bedrooms, cables laid in the heart. One step leads to the atrium and ventricle step. This type more like the natural heart rate by assisting in the coordination of activities between the heart atria and ventricles.
3. Rate responded with a pacemaker - This pacemaker is equipped with sensors that detect changes in physical activity of the patient and automatically adjusts the speed to be completed before the metabolic needs of the organism.
INDICATIONS .
Some indications for permanent pacemakers are relatively certain or unambiguous, while others require considerable expertise and discernment. It is useful to divide the indications for pacemaker implantation into three specific categories or classes, as defined by the ACC / AHA HRS /.
Class I - Conditions that continuous stimulation is definitely beneficial, useful and effective. In such circumstances, the implantation of a pacemaker is considered acceptable and necessary, provided that the situation is not due to a transient cause.
Class IIa - Conditions for which permanent pacemakers are often used, but there are differences of opinion regarding the need for their deployment. Weight of evidence and opinion is in favor of using pace-maker.
Class IIb - Conditions for which permanent pacemakers are often used, but there are differences of opinion regarding the need for their addition. Evidence / opinion is in favor of the use of pacemakers.
Class III - Conditions for which there is general agreement that the equipment is not necessary.
These recommendations will serve as guidelines, and there are other clinical factors that may influence the decision to implant a pacemaker. Many indications for pacemaker implantation is based on the presence of symptoms. However, many symptoms such as fatigue or subtle symptoms of heart failure recognized in retrospect, after the installation of a permanent pacemaker.
INSERTION .
Pacemaker patient is placed in general or by simple surgery under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. The patient can give medicine to relax before surgery as well. Antibiotic is usually given to prevent infection. In many cases, a pacemaker inserted in the left shoulder where the incision is made below the collarbone in a solid to create a small pocket where the pacemaker is actually located in the patient. Lead or lead (the amount varies from one type of pacemaker lead) and placed in the heart through a large vein using a fluoroscope to monitor the progress of lead increased. Temporary sewer can be installed and removed the next day. The current intervention may take about an hour.
After surgery, the patient should exercise due diligence in the wound while it heals. There followed a meeting at which the pacemaker is checked by a programmer, you can communicate with the device and allows a health professional to assess the integrity of the system and determine the stimulation parameters such as output voltage. The patient may consider some basic preparation before surgery. The most basic preparation is that people have hair on the chest can remove hair by shaving or using a cream that the operation would lead to the bandages and surveillance equipment aFixed body .
Since the batteries used in pacemakers, the device must be changed, because the batteries lose power. Replacing the device is usually a simpler procedure than the increase in the original, as is usually does not require the guide implanted. The typical replacement requires surgery, the incision is made to remove the existing equipment, cables, remove the current device, the wires are attached to the new device and the device is a new device the patient was replaced.
COMPLICATIONS .
There is possible complication of dual chamber pacemaker artificial pacemaker mediated tachycardia (PMT), a form of reentrant tachycardia. The MTP is the artificial pacemaker forms the anterograde (atrium to ventricle) is part of the circuit and the atrioventricular (AV) node of the Conservative Party (ventricle to atrium) of the circuit. Treatment usually involves a PMT reprogramming of the pacemaker.
PERMANENT CARDIAC PACING ( ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER )
A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker should not be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The main purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the native heart pacemaker is not fast enough, or there's a block in the system of the heart electrical conduction.
Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow the cardiologist to select the optimal stimulation patterns for each patient. Some combine a pacemaker and defibrillator implanted in a single device. Others have multiple electrodes stimulating differing views in the heart of improving the synchronization of the lower chambers of the heart.
Step with the implantable pacemaker with permanent transvenous placement of one or more of the speed of the electrodes inside the chamber or chambers of the heart. This process is repeated a suitable slit a vein in which the wire electrode is inserted along the road, and transferred through the valve from the heart, until it is placed in the room.
The procedure is to facilitate X-ray that allows a doctor or a cardiologist considered the flow of electrode lead. Once a satisfactory left electrode is fixed to the opposite end of the wire electrode is connected to a pacemaker generator.
The pacemaker generator is a hermetically sealed device containing a power source, usually a lithium battery, a sense amplifier that converts the electrical manifestation of naturally occurring heart beats as detected by electrodes on the logic of computer for pacemaker output circuits and offers the pulse of the stimulation electrodes.
In most cases, the generator is placed below the subcutaneous fat of the chest wall, above the chest muscles and bones. However, the location may vary in each case. The outer casing of a pacemaker is designed so that it is rarely rejected by the body's immune system. It is usually titanium, which is inert in the body. Not everything will be rejected and will be encapsulated by scar tissue in the same way is a piercing.
There are three basic types of permanent pacemakers, are classified with a number of rooms and their basic mechanism of action.
1. A single chamber pacemaker - This single stimulation lead placed in the heart chamber, or atrium or ventricle.
2.Dual-chamber pacemakers - Here, two bedrooms, cables laid in the heart. One step leads to the atrium and ventricle step. This type more like the natural heart rate by assisting in the coordination of activities between the heart atria and ventricles.
3. Rate responded with a pacemaker - This pacemaker is equipped with sensors that detect changes in physical activity of the patient and automatically adjusts the speed to be completed before the metabolic needs of the organism.
INDICATIONS .
Some indications for permanent pacemakers are relatively certain or unambiguous, while others require considerable expertise and discernment. It is useful to divide the indications for pacemaker implantation into three specific categories or classes, as defined by the ACC / AHA HRS /.
Class I - Conditions that continuous stimulation is definitely beneficial, useful and effective. In such circumstances, the implantation of a pacemaker is considered acceptable and necessary, provided that the situation is not due to a transient cause.
Class IIa - Conditions for which permanent pacemakers are often used, but there are differences of opinion regarding the need for their deployment. Weight of evidence and opinion is in favor of using pace-maker.
Class IIb - Conditions for which permanent pacemakers are often used, but there are differences of opinion regarding the need for their addition. Evidence / opinion is in favor of the use of pacemakers.
Class III - Conditions for which there is general agreement that the equipment is not necessary.
These recommendations will serve as guidelines, and there are other clinical factors that may influence the decision to implant a pacemaker. Many indications for pacemaker implantation is based on the presence of symptoms. However, many symptoms such as fatigue or subtle symptoms of heart failure recognized in retrospect, after the installation of a permanent pacemaker.
INSERTION .
Pacemaker patient is placed in general or by simple surgery under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. The patient can give medicine to relax before surgery as well. Antibiotic is usually given to prevent infection. In many cases, a pacemaker inserted in the left shoulder where the incision is made below the collarbone in a solid to create a small pocket where the pacemaker is actually located in the patient. Lead or lead (the amount varies from one type of pacemaker lead) and placed in the heart through a large vein using a fluoroscope to monitor the progress of lead increased. Temporary sewer can be installed and removed the next day. The current intervention may take about an hour.
After surgery, the patient should exercise due diligence in the wound while it heals. There followed a meeting at which the pacemaker is checked by a programmer, you can communicate with the device and allows a health professional to assess the integrity of the system and determine the stimulation parameters such as output voltage. The patient may consider some basic preparation before surgery. The most basic preparation is that people have hair on the chest can remove hair by shaving or using a cream that the operation would lead to the bandages and surveillance equipment aFixed body .
Since the batteries used in pacemakers, the device must be changed, because the batteries lose power. Replacing the device is usually a simpler procedure than the increase in the original, as is usually does not require the guide implanted. The typical replacement requires surgery, the incision is made to remove the existing equipment, cables, remove the current device, the wires are attached to the new device and the device is a new device the patient was replaced.
COMPLICATIONS .
There is possible complication of dual chamber pacemaker artificial pacemaker mediated tachycardia (PMT), a form of reentrant tachycardia. The MTP is the artificial pacemaker forms the anterograde (atrium to ventricle) is part of the circuit and the atrioventricular (AV) node of the Conservative Party (ventricle to atrium) of the circuit. Treatment usually involves a PMT reprogramming of the pacemaker.
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