HYPERTENSION .
Hypertension is often called the silent killer because it usually has no symptoms until serious complications develop. When symptoms occur, they can vary between individuals depending on factors such as amount of blood pressure, age, underlying cause, medical history, onset of complications and overall health.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .
Most systems of secondary hypertension are generally quite clear. However, they are linked to the essential (primary) hypertension is much less understandable. However, it is known that cardiac output is presented at the beginning of the disease, of course, entirely peripheral resistance (TPR) normal, and, over time, decrease cardiac output to normal levels, but increased TPR.
Three theories have been proposed to explain this: the difficulty of the kidneys eliminate sodium and natriuretic factors, such as atrial natriuretic factor is secreted to promote salt excretion with the side effect of an increase in total peripheral resistance. Overactive renin-angiotensin system leads to vasoconstriction and sodium and water. Volume of blood lead to hypertension. Overactive sympathetic nervous system, which increases the stress response.
We also know that high blood pressure is highly heritable and polygenic (caused by more than one gene) and some candidate genes have suggested that the etiology of this work is related to the association condition.
Recently essential hypertension and persistent endothelial damage was popular among researchers in hypertension. However, it is unclear whether the endothelial changes precede the development of hypertension or whether these changes are mainly due to long-term high blood pressure.
CAUSES .
ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION .
Essential hypertension is the most common type of hypertension that affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients. Although no direct cause is identified, there are many factors such as physical inactivity, stress, visceral obesity, a potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), obesity (more than 85% of cases occur in patients with body mass index greater than saline (sodium) consumption of alcohol sensitivity, and a vitamin D deficiency, which increases the risk of developing hypertension. risk increases with age, inherited some genetic mutations and family history of hypertension. An increase of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys, is another risk factor that is overactive sympathetic nervous system.
Insulin resistance, which is part of the syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is also thought to contribute to high blood pressure. The consumption of foods containing high levels of corn syrup may increase the risk of developing hypertension. Recent studies have involved low birth weight a risk factor for essential hypertension in adults.
SECONDARY HYPERTENSION .
Secondary hypertension, by definition of an identifiable cause. This type is important to recognize because it is a different treatment of essential hypertension, treating the underlying cause of blood pressure. Hypertension results of a commitment or an imbalance of the pathophysiological mechanisms such as hormonal regulation of the endocrine system that regulate the volume of blood plasma and cardiac function.
Many conditions increase high blood pressure, some are recognized common secondary causes such as Cushing’s syndrome, a condition where the adrenal glands overproduce the hormone cortisol. In addition, hypertension is caused by other conditions that cause hormonal changes, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancer of the adrenal glands.
Other common causes of secondary hypertension include kidney disease, obesity and metabolic disorders, pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, the birth defect known as coarctation of the aorta, and certain prescription and illegal drugs.
Hypertension is often called the silent killer because it usually has no symptoms until serious complications develop. When symptoms occur, they can vary between individuals depending on factors such as amount of blood pressure, age, underlying cause, medical history, onset of complications and overall health.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .
Most systems of secondary hypertension are generally quite clear. However, they are linked to the essential (primary) hypertension is much less understandable. However, it is known that cardiac output is presented at the beginning of the disease, of course, entirely peripheral resistance (TPR) normal, and, over time, decrease cardiac output to normal levels, but increased TPR.
Three theories have been proposed to explain this: the difficulty of the kidneys eliminate sodium and natriuretic factors, such as atrial natriuretic factor is secreted to promote salt excretion with the side effect of an increase in total peripheral resistance. Overactive renin-angiotensin system leads to vasoconstriction and sodium and water. Volume of blood lead to hypertension. Overactive sympathetic nervous system, which increases the stress response.
We also know that high blood pressure is highly heritable and polygenic (caused by more than one gene) and some candidate genes have suggested that the etiology of this work is related to the association condition.
Recently essential hypertension and persistent endothelial damage was popular among researchers in hypertension. However, it is unclear whether the endothelial changes precede the development of hypertension or whether these changes are mainly due to long-term high blood pressure.
CAUSES .
ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION .
Essential hypertension is the most common type of hypertension that affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients. Although no direct cause is identified, there are many factors such as physical inactivity, stress, visceral obesity, a potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), obesity (more than 85% of cases occur in patients with body mass index greater than saline (sodium) consumption of alcohol sensitivity, and a vitamin D deficiency, which increases the risk of developing hypertension. risk increases with age, inherited some genetic mutations and family history of hypertension. An increase of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys, is another risk factor that is overactive sympathetic nervous system.
Insulin resistance, which is part of the syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is also thought to contribute to high blood pressure. The consumption of foods containing high levels of corn syrup may increase the risk of developing hypertension. Recent studies have involved low birth weight a risk factor for essential hypertension in adults.
SECONDARY HYPERTENSION .
Secondary hypertension, by definition of an identifiable cause. This type is important to recognize because it is a different treatment of essential hypertension, treating the underlying cause of blood pressure. Hypertension results of a commitment or an imbalance of the pathophysiological mechanisms such as hormonal regulation of the endocrine system that regulate the volume of blood plasma and cardiac function.
Many conditions increase high blood pressure, some are recognized common secondary causes such as Cushing’s syndrome, a condition where the adrenal glands overproduce the hormone cortisol. In addition, hypertension is caused by other conditions that cause hormonal changes, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancer of the adrenal glands.
Other common causes of secondary hypertension include kidney disease, obesity and metabolic disorders, pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, the birth defect known as coarctation of the aorta, and certain prescription and illegal drugs.
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